Is China number one in humanoid robots?
In our humanoid robotics market deck, you will find everything you need to understand the market
SUMMARY
Yes, China is number one in humanoid robots today, because it holds the strongest combined position in shipments, hardware availability, pricing, supplier depth and deployment breadth.
China has already won the first phase of the race: putting capable humanoid bodies into production at prices that allow universities, developers, factories and public institutions to buy them in meaningful numbers.
The shipment lead is real, but the units are not all comparable. A compact education robot, a data-collection platform and a full-size industrial machine can each count as one humanoid, so headline totals overstate the number of autonomous factory workers in service.
Most deployed humanoids still work outside industry. Education, entertainment, guided services and data collection account for much of the volume, while factory use remains concentrated in narrow, repetitive workflows.
China leads the breadth of factory experimentation, but the United States has published some of the cleanest long-duration operating records. Figure at BMW and Agility Robotics at GXO remain unusually useful tests because they disclose hours, parts or totes moved over sustained programmes.
China’s most durable advantage may sit below the finished robot. Its dense network of motors, reducers, batteries, sensors, electronics suppliers and nearby factories makes it easier to build, modify and test physical machines quickly.
The price gap is already changing the market. A basic Chinese humanoid can cost less than a piece of industrial equipment, although serious manipulation, onboard compute, safety integration and maintenance can multiply the real deployment bill.
The United States still looks stronger in foundation models, advanced compute and general-purpose robot software. China has more bodies collecting real-world experience, so the hardware lead could feed back into the intelligence race faster than many expect.
Government support is doing two things at once: accelerating standards, factory access and procurement while also financing too many similar companies. A sharp shakeout is likely, but it will leave behind factories, suppliers and trained engineers.
Commercial demand is no longer imaginary. UBTECH’s audited results show meaningful humanoid revenue, yet continuing losses and slow-paying public-sector customers make clear that scale has not produced a mature business model.
The next phase will not be decided by who can stage the best demonstration. It will be decided by robots that work for months, recover from mistakes, learn new tasks quickly and save customers more money than they cost.
China enters that phase in first place, but not with an unbeatable lead. Its advantage is clearest in physical scale and economics; the harder contest over reliable autonomy and customer returns is still open.
This market map, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, highlights top companies and startups in the humanoid robotics market
Why is China suddenly being called number one in humanoid robots?
China is currently the strongest overall country in humanoid robots because its lead now appears in production, deliveries, pricing and factory trials, rather than mainly in staged videos.
The market changed quickly. IDC counted more than 18,000 global humanoid shipments in 2025 and said Chinese vendors led the breakout. Unitree alone delivered more than 5,500 humanoids to end customers during the year. AgiBot then announced that its cumulative production had reached 10,000 robots, with the final 5,000 produced in only three months.
The activity stretches far beyond two companies. China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology counted more than 140 complete-robot manufacturers and over 330 humanoid products by the end of 2025. The number of Chinese humanoid companies exhibiting at the World Robot Conference had already risen from 27 to 50 in a single year.
American companies are scaling too. Figure is manufacturing its third-generation robot, Boston Dynamics has started producing Atlas, Apptronik has raised almost $1 billion and Tesla is building an Optimus production area at its Fremont factory. China still reached large physical volumes first.
The uncertainty is what those volumes really mean. China clearly leads the market for building and distributing humanoid bodies. Whether it also leads in useful autonomy, reliable manipulation and customer returns needs a closer look.
If you want more recent data on this point, please see our latest humanoid robotics market report.
Why is it so difficult to rank humanoid robot countries?
Ranking humanoid robot countries is still messy because companies measure almost everything differently.
NIST recently began developing a new humanoid performance benchmark covering locomotion and manipulation. The agency said the DARPA Robotics Challenge was the last occasion when competing humanoids were rigorously measured against one another. Since then, companies have largely chosen their own tasks, environments and success criteria.
Even shipment data can describe very different products. A compact education robot, a full-size industrial worker and a humanoid used inside a data-collection centre may all count as one unit. A company may also describe a machine as autonomous when it follows a predefined workflow without teleoperation, even though it cannot handle an unfamiliar object or recover from an unexpected failure.
Factory deployments vary just as widely. A six-hour test, a six-day trial and a ten-month production programme can all appear under the same word: deployment. Companies rarely publish comparable figures for uptime, human interventions, cycle speed, maintenance or cost per completed task.
Any ranking built around one impressive video or one large shipment claim should be treated with suspicion. The useful comparison covers several things at once: how many robots exist, what they cost, where they work, how well they operate and how much economic value they create.
As this chart shows, and as featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, search interest in where to buy robots has been rising steadily
What does being number one in humanoid robots actually mean?
Being number one today means holding the strongest combined position across manufacturing, useful deployment, hardware economics and robot intelligence.
A country could manufacture thousands of cheap machines that customers struggle to use. Another could develop an exceptional AI model while producing too few robots to influence the market. Neither achievement gives us a complete answer on its own.
For the current race, we give the most weight to four areas. Production shows whether companies can move beyond hand-built prototypes. Real deployments reveal whether the machines survive ordinary working conditions. Cost determines how many customers can realistically experiment with them. Intelligence decides whether each robot can expand beyond a small library of programmed actions.
Profitability deserves less weight for now because the market remains extremely young. Still, customer revenue, repeat orders and operating losses help separate genuine demand from government-supported experimentation.
| Test | What we examine | Why it changes the answer |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturing scale | Robots produced and delivered to outside users | Large fleets create supplier experience, field data and faster iteration |
| Useful deployment | Working hours, completed tasks, success rates and customer expansion | A delivered robot may still spend most of its time in demonstrations or training |
| Hardware economics | Purchase price, payload, battery life, maintenance and components | Customers need a realistic cost per completed task |
| Robot intelligence | Generalization, planning, manipulation and recovery from errors | Wider autonomy determines whether one machine can cover several jobs |
| Commercial strength | Revenue, margins, losses and repeat demand | Orders only become durable leadership when customers keep paying |
Does China really ship the most humanoid robots?
Yes, China currently ships the most humanoid robots, and the gap is already too large to dismiss as statistical noise.
IDC estimated that more than 18,000 humanoids shipped worldwide in 2025, with Chinese companies dominating the market. Unitree said it delivered over 5,500 pure humanoids to end customers, excluding its wheeled dual-arm robots. That single company represented roughly 31% of IDC’s global total.
UBTECH sold another 1,079 full-size humanoids, according to its audited annual results. Together, Unitree and UBTECH accounted for more than one-third of worldwide shipments before we include AgiBot, Leju, Booster Robotics, Noetix and other Chinese manufacturers.
AgiBot’s cumulative production gives us another view of the speed. The company said reaching its first 1,000 robots took almost two years. Moving from 1,000 to 5,000 took approximately one year, while the next 5,000 arrived in three months. Company announcements deserve caution, although that acceleration would be difficult to fake without a large supplier and assembly operation behind it.
The shipment categories remain messy. Unitree sells everything from a 1.23-metre research robot to a 1.82-metre full-size machine. AgiBot’s range covers industrial robots, service machines and smaller platforms. Counting each as one unit exaggerates how many autonomous factory workers China has deployed.
It does not change the leadership result. China currently produces more humanoid platforms, across more price points and applications, than any other country.
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, illustrates yearly venture capital funding for humanoid robotics startups
Are Chinese humanoid robots doing real work or mostly performing?
Most Chinese humanoid robots still spend their time in performances, education, data collection and guided services, although factory work is now substantial enough to study seriously.
IDC found that more than 85% of humanoid deployments in 2025 remained concentrated in non-industrial scenarios. This explains why thousands of shipments have yet to produce thousands of visible robot workers. Many machines are generating training data, teaching students, entertaining crowds or demonstrating products in showrooms.
The industrial evidence has improved lately. AgiBot recently broadcast multiple robots operating for six consecutive days inside Longcheer Technology’s tablet factory. The company reported more than 64 operating hours, 64,828 completed production tasks, four workflows and a 99.99% success rate. The robots contributed to a line output of 17,625 units while working around employees, moving equipment and normal factory activity.
Those results come from AgiBot, so the exceptional success rate should be treated as company-reported rather than independently audited. The duration matters too. Sixty-four hours is far more convincing than a polished two-minute video, but factories judge machines over months and years.
UBTECH describes similar progress in handling workbins, sorting materials, inspecting components and moving parts between production stations. Its annual report says Walker robots have started taking over specific job tasks in industrial plants.
The strongest Chinese use cases today remain narrow and repetitive. That is a sensible starting point. Moving parts, loading trays and checking components can create value without requiring a robot to understand an entire factory.
If you want more recent data on this point, please see our latest humanoid robotics market report.
Is China ahead in humanoid robot factory deployment?
China leads in the number and variety of factory trials, while the United States currently has stronger public evidence from a few individual deployments.
BMW provides the clearest operating record. Figure 02 worked ten-hour shifts, five days a week, during a ten-month programme at the carmaker’s Spartanburg plant. It moved more than 90,000 sheet-metal components, accumulated roughly 1,250 operating hours and contributed to the production of over 30,000 BMW X3 vehicles.
Agility Robotics offers another measurable case. Digit robots have moved more than 100,000 totes in GXO’s logistics operation. The workflow is limited, with Digit transferring containers from mobile robots onto conveyors, although the volume shows sustained commercial use rather than occasional testing.
China has more companies entering more factories. AgiBot’s Longcheer trial involved several robots and multiple workflows on a live electronics line. UBTECH has placed Walker robots with manufacturers across automotive, electronics, logistics and smart manufacturing. The disclosed Chinese statistics, however, usually come from the robot suppliers and provide fewer details about interventions, downtime and customer returns.
Figure has now returned to BMW with its third-generation robot, which suggests the earlier deployment produced enough value to continue the relationship. That continuation is more persuasive than any isolated demonstration.
| Deployment | Public operating evidence | What we learn |
|---|---|---|
| Figure at BMW | More than 90,000 parts and roughly 1,250 hours | The strongest published record for long-duration humanoid factory work |
| Agility at GXO | More than 100,000 totes moved | A narrow logistics task can reach sustained commercial volume |
| AgiBot at Longcheer | Over 64 hours and 64,828 company-reported tasks | Chinese multi-robot factory work has moved beyond short demonstrations |
| UBTECH customer deployments | More than 1,000 full-size robots sold across several scenarios | China has greater deployment breadth, although operating data remains less comparable |
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, shows how Agility Robotics is capturing share in humanoid robotics
Does China build the best humanoid robot hardware?
China currently has the strongest humanoid hardware ecosystem, even though no Chinese model has proved that it is the world’s single best machine.
Unitree shows the breadth of that ecosystem. It sells lightweight humanoids for education and research, larger robots for full-body development, dexterous hands, actuators, sensors and data-collection platforms. Customers can buy a working machine directly instead of applying for a limited partnership programme.
UBTECH has focused more heavily on industrial practicality. Its Walker S2 has 52 degrees of freedom, handles loads of up to 15 kilograms and can replace its own battery in around three minutes. Automatic battery swapping allows continuous operation without waiting beside a charger, which addresses one of the least glamorous and most important factory problems.
Unitree’s H2 provides another example. The full-size robot has 31 degrees of freedom, a rated arm payload of around seven kilograms and peak capacity of roughly 15 kilograms. The specifications are already sufficient for many material-handling and research tasks.
Walking and athletic movement receive most of the attention online, but they reveal less about commercial quality than they did a few years ago. Several robots can run, recover from pushes and perform choreographed routines. Customers care more about how often a machine falls, how quickly it recovers, whether its hands damage objects and how many hours it works between failures.
Boston Dynamics may still have the most sophisticated individual humanoid body. Its production Atlas builds on decades of full-body control research, and every planned Atlas deployment for 2026 is already committed. That is a strong technical endorsement with a very small fleet behind it.
China wins the hardware comparison through range, availability and manufacturability. The prize for the most capable individual robot remains open.
If you want more recent data on this point, please see our latest humanoid robotics market report.
Has China already won the humanoid robot price war?
China has already set the global price floor for humanoid robots.
Unitree currently lists the R1 Air at $4,900, the G1 at $13,500 and the full-size H2 at $29,900 before taxes and shipping. At those prices, universities, developers and smaller companies can purchase a humanoid without negotiating a private industrial contract.
The range inside Unitree’s own catalogue is revealing. Its H2 Plus costs around $100,000 after adding five-fingered tactile hands, wrist cameras, NVIDIA Jetson Thor compute and the Isaac GR00T software stack. Moving from a basic walking body to a serious manipulation and AI platform can therefore multiply the purchase price several times.
This makes the phrase “the price of a humanoid robot” almost meaningless. A $4,900 R1 and a $100,000 H2 Plus happen to share a human-like form, while their payload, sensing, hands, computing power and intended jobs differ sharply.
The purchase price also covers only part of the bill. A customer may still need safety systems, integration work, workflow software, maintenance, spare parts and staff supervision. A cheap robot completing no useful tasks has an infinite payback period.
Even so, China has changed what buyers expect. American and European suppliers now need either to approach Chinese hardware costs or show that higher reliability and intelligence produce much better economics.
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, illustrates yearly funding for humanoid robotics startups
Does China control the humanoid robot supply chain?
China’s deepest humanoid robot advantage comes from the industrial system surrounding the machine.
The International Federation of Robotics counted 2.03 million industrial robots working in Chinese factories in 2024. China installed another 295,000 during the year, equal to 54% of global installations and almost nine times the US total. Chinese suppliers also captured 57% of their domestic industrial robot market for the first time.
Humanoid startups benefit from the same manufacturing base. Motors, reducers, encoders, batteries, cameras, circuit boards and machined structures can often be sourced near the final assembly site. Automotive and electronics factories then provide nearby customers with repetitive jobs suitable for early robots.
The World Robot Conference offers a useful snapshot of how fast this supplier network is expanding. In one year, humanoid manufacturers at the event increased from 27 to 50, total robot exhibits rose from more than 600 to over 1,500 and new product releases climbed from around 60 to more than 100.
Some of those companies will disappear. The duplication still leaves behind trained engineers, cheaper components and more production knowledge. Hardware industries often improve through hundreds of small supplier changes that never appear in a demonstration video.
China has weaker control over advanced robot computing and some software tools. Its leading companies still use NVIDIA modules, simulation systems and foundation models. Physical manufacturing is currently concentrated in China, while part of the intelligence stack remains American.
Who leads the humanoid robot brain, China or the United States?
The United States still has the stronger humanoid software layer today, although China is closing the gap through larger physical fleets and aggressive data collection.
Google DeepMind’s Gemini Robotics models can interpret natural-language instructions, reason about physical spaces and plan multi-step actions. Its more recent embodied-reasoning model focuses on spatial understanding, task planning and detecting whether a robot actually succeeded.
NVIDIA has built a broader development stack around Isaac GR00T. It includes foundation models, teleoperation tools, simulation, synthetic-data generation, evaluation and onboard inference. GR00T N1.6 has been tested on several robot forms, including Unitree and AgiBot machines.
A recent partnership captures the division of strengths unusually well. NVIDIA’s open humanoid reference design combines a Chinese Unitree H2 Plus body with tactile hands, Jetson Thor compute and the American Isaac GR00T platform. Research teams at Stanford, ETH Zurich, Ai2 and UC San Diego are expected to use it.
China’s software position is becoming much more serious. AgiBot has released a dataset containing more than one million real-world and simulated trajectories, alongside tools for training and deploying models. Its recent research includes fleet learning, world models and policies tested across several long tasks.
UBTECH says its industrial robots have accumulated more than 100 million pieces of production-line data. “Pieces” is not a standardized measurement, so the number cannot be compared directly with AgiBot trajectories or American video datasets.
More data does not automatically produce a better robot. A trajectory collected on one hand design may transfer poorly to another, while thousands of repeated easy actions can be less valuable than a smaller collection of unusual failures. China nevertheless has an important advantage: more physical machines are available to collect experience.
America currently leads the general-purpose model and compute layer. China owns more of the bodies feeding real-world data back into the system. The gap may close faster here than in any other part of the race.
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, compares the main business model options for humanoid robot manufacturers
Is Chinese government support creating leadership or a bubble?
Chinese government support is strengthening the humanoid industry and inflating it at the same time.
Policy has moved beyond broad encouragement. China has created a dedicated standardization committee, released a national framework covering components, complete robots, applications and safety, and started organising large real-environment training programmes with state-owned companies and regional governments.
The latest programme aims to identify more than 100 high-value applications across manufacturing, logistics, retail, healthcare and emergency response. Its stated goal is to create the capacity for deployment at the scale of 10,000 units. That is a target rather than an achieved result, although it shows how directly the government is trying to connect robot makers with customers.
There is clear industrial value in this coordination. Factories provide training environments, standards reduce integration problems and public institutions help suppliers test equipment that private customers may consider too risky.
The company count also looks excessive. As seen above, IDC recorded just over 18,000 worldwide shipments while China had more than 140 complete-robot manufacturers. A rough division gives only 129 global units per Chinese manufacturer, even before accounting for foreign competitors. In reality, the largest Chinese vendors captured thousands of units, leaving many smaller companies with very little volume.
We expect a harsh shakeout. Several companies will merge, become component suppliers or disappear when local support weakens. The surviving firms may emerge stronger because the investment boom has already financed factories, suppliers, standards and a large engineering workforce.
Calling the entire sector a bubble misses the industrial assets being created. Treating every Chinese humanoid startup as a future winner would be equally careless.
If you want more recent data on this point, please see our latest humanoid robotics market report.
Are Chinese humanoid robot companies building real businesses?
Chinese humanoid companies now generate meaningful revenue, although the economics still look rough.
UBTECH provides the clearest evidence because it publishes audited results. Its total revenue reached RMB2.00 billion in 2025, up 53.3%. Full-size humanoid products and services generated RMB820.6 million, more than 23 times the previous year, and represented 41.1% of company revenue.
The group’s gross margin rose from 28.7% to 37.7%. That improvement suggests the humanoid business involved more than clearing unfinished prototypes at low prices.
UBTECH still lost RMB789.8 million during the year. The loss narrowed from RMB1.16 billion, yet it remained almost as large as the company’s full-size humanoid revenue. Research, production expansion and commercial deployment continue to consume heavy investment.
Customer quality also deserves attention. UBTECH recorded RMB151.4 million in credit-impairment losses, mainly because some government-related customers paid late. A signed public-sector order can produce revenue while creating weaker cash flow than the headline suggests.
Unitree and AgiBot disclose far less financial information because they are private. Their production volumes prove that customers are taking delivery, while revenue concentration, margins, subsidies and repeat purchases remain difficult to assess.
China has established a real humanoid market. Today’s financial record supports rapid market formation rather than a mature, reliably profitable industry.
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, shows the revenue mix across customer segments in the humanoid robotics market
Can the United States still overtake China in humanoid robots?
The United States can still take the lead, and its current scaling effort is far more serious than it was a year ago.
Figure says it has produced more than 350 Figure 03 robots and increased output from one machine per day to one per hour in less than four months. Its newest robots are returning to BMW’s Spartanburg plant after the earlier production programme.
Boston Dynamics has started manufacturing the commercial version of Atlas. Its planned deployments are fully committed for now, with fleets heading to Hyundai’s robotics centre and Google DeepMind. Hyundai also plans a robot factory capable of producing thousands of machines annually.
Apptronik has raised more than $935 million to scale Apollo. It is building data-collection sites, working with manufacturers including Mercedes-Benz and Jabil, and offering bipedal or wheeled versions depending on the job.
Tesla remains the largest wild card. The company says construction for Optimus production has begun at Fremont, with output anticipated later this year. Its vehicle factories, AI team and capital give it an unusual path to scale, although external customers still cannot buy an Optimus and Tesla has published little usable operating data.
The American path relies on better models producing more adaptable robots. The Chinese path relies on cheaper hardware, larger fleets and faster factory learning. Either could win, and each side is now borrowing strengths from the other.
| Current Chinese advantage | American response | What could change the leader |
|---|---|---|
| Thousands of robots already shipped | Figure is moving toward hourly production | American output reaches several thousand customer deliveries |
| Dense component and factory ecosystem | Hyundai, Jabil and Tesla bring major manufacturing capacity | US hardware costs approach Chinese prices |
| Affordable platforms across several sizes | Better-funded companies can absorb early deployment costs | Customers value reliability enough to accept higher prices |
| Large real-robot data collection | Google DeepMind and NVIDIA lead general-purpose robot models | Software generalization becomes more valuable than fleet size |
| Government-organised deployment programmes | Large private industrial customers provide tougher commercial tests | One side proves repeatable customer returns across many sites |
Is China number one in humanoid robots?
Yes. China is currently number one in humanoid robots.
It holds the strongest combined position in shipments, hardware availability, pricing, supplier depth and deployment breadth. No other country currently has as many companies producing humanoids, as many models reaching buyers or such a complete manufacturing base behind them.
The qualification concerns what China’s lead covers. Most humanoids are still used for data collection, education, performances and controlled services. Even the best factory deployments handle a small number of repetitive workflows. Nobody has created a reliable general-purpose worker that can enter an unfamiliar workplace and learn dozens of jobs with little support.
The United States remains ahead in robot foundation models, advanced compute and some of the cleanest publicly documented industrial deployments. Figure, Boston Dynamics, Apptronik and Tesla are also moving from prototypes toward production, so China’s physical lead can no longer be described as unchallenged.
Our judgment is clear. China has won the first phase of the humanoid race: producing capable bodies cheaply and in volume. The next phase will reward robots that work for months, learn new tasks quickly and save customers more money than they cost.
China enters that phase from first place. It has not crossed the finish line.
| Dimension | Current leader | Judgment |
|---|---|---|
| Humanoid shipments | China | Clear lead |
| Hardware range and availability | China | Clear lead |
| Purchase pricing | China | Clear lead |
| Component and manufacturing ecosystem | China | Clear lead |
| Number of factory trials | China | Lead in breadth |
| Published long-duration operating results | United States | Lead from a few strong deployments |
| Locomotion hardware | China overall | Best individual robot remains debatable |
| Dexterous manipulation | No clear leader | Results remain too task-specific |
| Foundation models and robot compute | United States | Meaningful current advantage |
| Real-robot data generation | China | Probable lead, with poor metric comparability |
| Profitable humanoid businesses | No clear leader | Sustainable economics remain unproved |
| Overall humanoid robot position | China | Number one today, with a narrower lead in intelligence |
If you want more recent data on this point, please see our latest humanoid robotics market report.
This chart, featured in our humanoid robotics market deck, shows how factory humanoid robot technology has evolved over time
OUR METHODOLOGY
This analysis tests whether China is currently number one in humanoid robots by comparing the areas that most directly shape leadership: production, customer deliveries, useful deployment, hardware economics, supply-chain depth, robot intelligence and commercial performance.
We gave more weight to measurable operating results, audited disclosures, customer evidence and sustained deployments than to promotional demonstrations. Company-reported production and task figures were still useful when they were concrete, but we treated them differently from audited accounts, independent market estimates and customer-published operating records.
We did not reduce the comparison to a mechanical score. Humanoid companies still use inconsistent definitions for shipments, autonomy, deployments and task success, so a precise numerical ranking would imply more comparability than the evidence supports. Instead, we assessed each dimension separately and then judged the combined pattern.
Shipment totals were interpreted cautiously because a compact education robot, a data-collection platform and a full-size industrial humanoid may each count as one unit. Factory evidence was judged by duration, completed work, operating hours, customer continuation and the amount of detail disclosed about the workflow.
Hardware leadership was assessed through availability, price, payload, battery systems, components and manufacturability rather than athletic demonstrations alone. Intelligence leadership was assessed through foundation models, embodied reasoning, simulation and data infrastructure, while recognising that software results remain difficult to compare across different robot bodies and tasks.
Key market and operating sources include IDC on 2025 humanoid shipments and deployment mix, NIST’s humanoid performance benchmark work, Unitree’s official catalogue and listed prices, AgiBot’s production disclosures, AgiBot’s Longcheer factory results, UBTECH’s audited filings, Figure’s BMW operating record, and Agility Robotics on Digit’s GXO deployment.
Key hardware, supply-chain and intelligence sources include UBTECH’s Walker S2 specifications, Boston Dynamics on production Atlas, Apptronik’s financing and expansion plans, the International Federation of Robotics’ 2025 report, Google DeepMind’s Gemini Robotics models, Gemini Robotics-ER 1.6, NVIDIA’s open humanoid reference design, and NVIDIA Research on GR00T N1.6.
This structured aggregation of recent evidence supports the final conclusion while keeping the unresolved parts visible: China leads the physical market today, the United States retains important advantages in the intelligence stack, and reliable long-term customer economics remain unproved on both sides.
In our humanoid robotics market deck, we identify pain points entrepreneurs should prioritize
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