What are the top physical AI startups by revenue today?

Whether you're building or investing in the physical AI market, our report covers everything you need to know: the players, the money, and what's coming next.
Summary
The top physical AI startups by revenue today are led by Anduril Industries among private companies, with approximately $2.2 billion in estimated 2025 revenue. Across the wider market, Roborock leads with roughly $2.6 billion, followed by Symbotic at $2.247 billion, although both are publicly traded companies.
The largest physical AI businesses are mostly specialized operators, not general-purpose humanoid robotics developers. Warehouse automation, autonomous driving, consumer robots, and defense systems already support billion-dollar revenue businesses.
Private-company rankings are less certain than public-company comparisons. Anduril's revenue is independently estimated, Applied Intuition's approximately $830 million represents estimated annual recurring revenue, and Shield AI's $300 million has a stronger company-reporting basis.
Warehouse automation has a striking commercial lead over humanoid robotics. Symbotic and Geek+ together generated approximately $2.69 billion in annual revenue, more than eleven times the combined humanoid-specific revenue reported by UBTECH and Unitree.
Autonomous driving has a similar head start. Mobileye generated $1.894 billion in 2025 revenue and Horizon Robotics approximately $523 million, supported by automotive supply chains that already purchase intelligent systems at scale.
China's humanoid robotics companies are further along commercially than their visibility in Western investment discussions might suggest. Unitree generated approximately RMB868 million from humanoid robots in 2025, slightly exceeding UBTECH's RMB820.6 million, while Figure AI has not disclosed comparable financial results.
Skild AI is the clearest emerging software challenger with publicly disclosed commercial figures. It surpassed $100 million in annual recurring revenue within ten months of its first deployment, reporting more than $50 million in recognized revenue and over 60 paying customers.
The accounting distinction is substantial. A robotics manufacturer may recognize equipment revenue immediately, while a software company reports subscriptions or licensing contracts. ARR, annualized run rates, segment revenue, and audited company revenue cannot be ranked as identical measures.
Revenue also gives an incomplete picture of financial success. Symbotic and Geek+ reported positive adjusted earnings measures in 2025, yet both remained slightly or materially loss-making on a statutory net-income basis. Horizon Robotics continued to report substantial adjusted losses.
The United States has large commercial positions in autonomous defense, warehouse systems, and physical AI software. China has demonstrated particularly strong sales in consumer robotics and humanoid manufacturing. Neither country leads every relevant category.
Our conclusion is that physical AI is already a multibillion-dollar commercial market, but the revenue leaders are businesses solving specific operational problems. Unitree, UBTECH, and Skild AI offer some of the strongest evidence that the next generation of more adaptable robotic systems is beginning to build meaningful revenue of its own.
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In our report covering the physical AI market, we turn what is vague and complex into simple, useful visuals. Market maps like this one show you at a glance where every startup stands.
The ranking of top startups in the physical AI market by revenue
Below is a table ranking all the companies in this market by their current revenue scale. You can find our methodology at the end of this page.
If you want a deeper understanding of the market and its current dynamics, get our report covering the physical AI market.
| Ranking | Company | Latest Metric | Metric Type | Freshness | Disclosed When | Source Quality | Confidence | Segment | Why This Ranking | Local Metric | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roborock | ~$2.6B | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Apr 2026 | Company Disclosed | Medium | Consumer Robotics | Largest recent reported company revenue among the selected firms. Its robot-vacuum business is central, but not all revenue is strictly physical AI. | CNY 18.7B | cn |
| 2 | NVIDIA | $2.3B | Automotive Platform Revenue | Fresh · 9mo | Feb 25, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Driving Infrastructure | Only its automotive revenue is used, not NVIDIA's consolidated revenue. Ranks just above Symbotic, with a substantial segment-perimeter caveat. | us | |
| 3 | Symbotic | $2.25B | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 13mo | Nov 24, 2025 | Filed / Audited | High | AI Warehouse Robotics | Strong, directly relevant recognized revenue. More comparable to the physical AI definition than NVIDIA's broader automotive platform figure. | us | |
| 4 | Mobileye | $1.89B | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Jan 22, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Autonomous Driving & ADAS | Verified revenue from perception and driving systems receives greater weight than Anduril's larger estimated figure. | il | |
| 5 | Anduril Industries | ~$2.1B | Annual Revenue: Estimated | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 6, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Defense Systems | The estimated amount exceeds Mobileye's, but weaker sourcing and revenue outside autonomous systems justify a lower position. | us | |
| 6 | Ecovacs Robotics | ~$1.49B | Segment Revenue: Service Robotics | Fresh · 10mo | Apr 1, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Consumer Robotics | Uses service-robotics revenue rather than the much larger consolidated group, which also sells non-robot appliances. | CNY 10.7B | cn |
| 7 | AeroVironment | $1.36B | Segment Revenue: Autonomous Systems | Very Fresh · 6mo | Jun 1, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Defense & Uncrewed Systems | Recent and substantial reported autonomous-systems revenue; below Ecovacs because the latter's relevant segment is larger. | us | |
| 8 | Ocado Group | ~$743M | Technology Solutions Revenue: Pro Forma | Fresh · 11mo | Feb 2026 | Company Disclosed | Medium | Warehouse Robotics & Control Software | Uses Technology Solutions instead of logistics or total group revenue. Recognized revenue is stronger evidence than Applied Intuition's estimated ARR. | £561M | gb |
| 9 | Applied Intuition | ~$830M | ARR: Estimated | Fresh · 10mo | May 4, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Systems Software & Simulation | Large estimated recurring-revenue base, but not recognized revenue and not formally disclosed by the company. | us | |
| 10 | Horizon Robotics | ~$523M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 19, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Autonomous Driving AI | Strong, current group revenue with closely aligned products; below Applied Intuition on scale, although its disclosure is substantially stronger. | CNY 3.76B | cn |
| 11 | Geek+ | ~$442M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Autonomous Warehouse Robotics | Audited autonomous mobile robot and orchestration revenue; smaller than Horizon but better verified than several private competitors below. | CNY 3.17B | cn |
| 12 | PROCEPT BioRobotics | $308M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Feb 1, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | AI-Guided Surgical Robotics | Recognized revenue from an explicitly AI-enabled, image-guided treatment platform, ahead of similarly sized companies with weaker disclosure. | us | |
| 13 | Shield AI | $300M | Annual Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Dec 21, 2025 | Credible Reported | Medium | Autonomous Defense Aviation | Substantial current revenue from autonomous defense technology; slightly below PROCEPT because the latter has filed results. | us | |
| 14 | Kratos Defense | $292M | Segment Revenue: Unmanned Systems | Fresh · 10mo | Feb 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Military Aircraft | Relevant segment revenue is separately disclosed. Excludes unrelated Kratos businesses, although some unmanned systems are not fully autonomous. | us | |
| 15 | UBTECH Robotics | ~$279M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 31, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Humanoid & Intelligent Service Robotics | Larger overall robotics revenue than Unitree. The humanoid-only portion is materially smaller and must not be mistaken for company-wide revenue. | CNY 2B | cn |
| 16 | Unitree Robotics | ~$237M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Humanoid & Quadruped Robotics | Prospectus-supported annual sales for a focused intelligent-robot manufacturer, ahead of less-verifiable private revenue estimates. | CNY 1.7B | cn |
| 17 | Waymo | ~$355M | Revenue Run-Rate: Estimated | Fresh · 7mo | 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Robotaxis | Its estimated run-rate is larger than several firms above, but autonomous ride revenue is not separately disclosed by Alphabet; no audited Waymo figure exists. | us | |
| 18 | Quantum Systems | ~$330M | Annual Revenue: Estimated | Fresh · 10mo | Jul 3, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Defense Drones | Strong estimated commercial scale from deployed autonomous drones, but its evidence is weaker than filed figures above. | de | |
| 19 | XAG | >$162M | Annual Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Jul 1, 2026 | Credible Reported | Medium | Autonomous Agricultural Robotics | Directly relevant commercial agricultural drones and autonomous machinery. Stronger sourcing than Saronic's estimate, despite a smaller monetary amount. | >CNY 1.17B | cn |
| 20 | Saronic Technologies | ~$200M | Annual Revenue: Estimated | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 6, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Maritime Systems | Considerable estimated revenue from autonomous vessels, but no audited or direct company confirmation of this amount. | us | |
| 21 | Locus Robotics | ~$180M | ARR: Estimated | Very Fresh · 4mo | Jul 6, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Warehouse Robotics | Recent recurring-revenue estimate suggests significant scale; ranks below Saronic on amount, with similar source uncertainty. | us | |
| 22 | AGIBOT | >$140M | Humanoid Robot Sales Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Feb 1, 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Medium | Humanoid Robotics | Directly relevant robot-sales revenue from industry research; below Locus because the value is smaller, but metric comparability is better than ARR. | cn | |
| 23 | Ondas | $134M | Six-Month Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Defense & Counter-Drone Systems | Strong recent recognized revenue, but only six months and an expanded corporate perimeter. It is deliberately not annualized. | us | |
| 24 | Skild AI | $100M | ARR | Very Fresh · 1mo | Sep 2026 | Company Disclosed | Medium | Robot Foundation Models | One of the freshest direct commercial disclosures among embodied-AI startups; below Ondas because annualized recurring revenue is not recognized half-year revenue. | us | |
| 25 | Skydio | ~$180M | Annual Revenue: Estimated | Aging · 22mo | 2026 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Drones | The estimated amount is greater than Skild's ARR, but the operating period is nearly two years older and not company-verified. | us | |
| 26 | WeRide | ~$95.3M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 23, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Robotaxis & Autonomous Vehicles | Solid, attributable revenue across robotaxis, robobuses and autonomous sweepers. Below Skydio on estimated scale, but much stronger evidence quality. | CNY 685M | cn |
| 27 | Pony.ai | $90M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Robotaxis & Autonomous Trucks | Recognized autonomy revenue, slightly below WeRide's total and more informative than commercial deployment counts. | cn | |
| 28 | EHang | ~$71M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 12, 2026 | Company Disclosed | High | Autonomous Aerial Vehicles | Direct revenue from autonomous aerial vehicles; smaller than Pony.ai but more comparable than cumulative aircraft deliveries. | CNY 510M | cn |
| 29 | Mech-Mind Robotics | ~$54.2M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Aug 24, 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Robot Vision, Planning & Control | Separately reported revenue from robot perception and motion-planning components, rather than passive camera hardware alone. | CNY 389M | cn |
| 30 | Yunji Technology | ~$42M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | 2026 | Filed / Audited | High | Autonomous Service Robotics | Audited service-robotics revenue below Mech-Mind; stronger sourcing than older private-company estimates. | CNY 301M | cn |
| 31 | Saildrone | ~$43M | Annual Revenue: Estimated | Aging · 22mo | Jun 10, 2025 | Third-Party Estimate | Low | Autonomous Maritime Robotics | Similar reported scale to Yunji after currency comparison, but an older and independently estimated figure. | us | |
| 32 | Red Cat Holdings | $20.2M | Quarterly Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Defense Drones | Very current drone-sales revenue; placed below annual-revenue firms because a single quarter is not an annual figure. | us | |
| 33 | Knightscope | $9M | Quarterly Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 12, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Security Robotics | Current realized revenue above the smaller robotics businesses, although some products are stationary security systems. | us | |
| 34 | Richtech Robotics | $5.04M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 13mo | 2026 | Filed / Audited | Low | Commercial Service Robotics | Annual reported revenue is preferable to unverified robot deployment figures, but meaningful AI-based autonomy applies unevenly across its products. | us | |
| 35 | Dexory | ~$4.24M | Annual Revenue | Aging · 19mo | Apr 1, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Warehouse Inspection Robotics | Better direct revenue evidence than many private rivals, but the underlying accounts are older and the auditor reported limitations. | £3.2M | gb |
| 36 | Kodiak AI | $3.5M | Quarterly Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Trucking | Strong recent realized revenue, but annual comparability is weaker than Dexory's filed turnover. | us | |
| 37 | Serve Robotics | $3.24M | Quarterly Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 6, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Delivery Robotics | Closely comparable to Kodiak on reporting period, with slightly lower quarterly revenue. | us | |
| 38 | Dobot | ~$2.79M | Embodied-AI Product Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Mar 30, 2026 | Credible Reported | Medium | Humanoid & Embodied Robotics | Uses its identifiable embodied-AI robot revenue rather than RMB492.2M of group sales, mainly from conventional collaborative robots. | CNY 20M | cn |
| 39 | Aurora Innovation | $2M | Quarterly Revenue | Very Fresh · 4mo | Jul 29, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Autonomous Trucking | A current realized revenue figure from driverless trucking, although still a very small reported commercial base. | us | |
| 40 | Agility Robotics | $1.78M | Fiscal-Year Revenue | Fresh · 10mo | Sep 4, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Medium | Humanoid Robotics | Verified revenue ranks below larger commercial operators. Its separate $300M-plus contingent, multi-year order book does not represent current revenue. | us | |
| NR | Tesla | 1.74M active FSD subscriptions | Active FSD Subscriptions | Very Fresh · 1mo | Oct 21, 2026 | Filed / Audited | Low | Autonomous Driving Software | Large paying-product footprint, but Tesla does not separately disclose FSD revenue and this subscriber definition cannot be multiplied by monthly pricing. | us | |
| NR | Baidu | >22M cumulative robotaxi rides | Cumulative Robotaxi Rides | Very Fresh · 6mo | May 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Robotaxis | Apollo Go has extensive commercial operations, but Baidu's broader AI revenue cannot be assigned to robotaxis. | cn | |
| NR | Gatik | $600M | Contracted Revenue: Multi-Year | Fresh · 9mo | Jan 27, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Autonomous Trucking | Material contracted business, but no reported realized annual revenue or sufficiently clear contract-recognition period. | us | |
| NR | Exotec | >$1B | Cumulative Systems Sales | Historical · 31mo | Mar 2024 | Company Disclosed | Low | Warehouse Robotics | Significant commercial history, but the $1B milestone is lifetime systems sold, not FY2024 or current annual revenue. | fr | |
| NR | Zipline | >2.5M cumulative deliveries | Cumulative Commercial Deliveries | Very Fresh · 3mo | Jul 14, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Autonomous Delivery Drones | Substantial real-world delivery activity, but delivery counts and cargo values cannot substitute for company revenue. | us | |
| NR | Starship Technologies | 10M cumulative autonomous deliveries | Cumulative Autonomous Deliveries | Very Fresh · 6mo | Apr 28, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Sidewalk Delivery Robotics | Demonstrated very large delivery volume with autonomous robots; no verified comparable revenue number. | us | |
| NR | Pudu Robotics | >120K robots shipped | Cumulative Robots Shipped | Fresh · 10mo | Feb 5, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Service & Cleaning Robotics | Large physical shipment base and reported revenue growth above 100%, but the company withheld its absolute revenue. | cn | |
| NR | KEENON Robotics | >100K robots deployed | Robots Deployed | Very Fresh · 2mo | Aug 3, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Autonomous Service Robotics | Extensive deployments in hospitality and commercial settings, without a current disclosed revenue figure. | cn | |
| NR | Brain Corp | 50K robots in operation | BrainOS-Powered Robots in Operation | Very Fresh · 4mo | Aug 6, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Robot Autonomy Software | Directly measures deployment of its autonomy software, not software licensing revenue or annual subscriptions. | us | |
| NR | Boston Dynamics | thousands of robots deployed | Robots Deployed at Customer Sites | Undated | Company Disclosed | Low | Quadruped & Mobile Manipulator Robotics | Clear commercial deployment evidence for Spot and Stretch, but no recent standalone revenue or exact fleet count. | us | ||
| NR | Figure AI | >90K parts loaded | Parts Loaded During BMW Deployment | Fresh · 11mo | Nov 19, 2025 | Company Disclosed | Low | Humanoid Robotics | Meaningful factory production evidence but no disclosed recognized revenue or broader paid-customer base. | us | |
| NR | May Mobility | >550K cumulative autonomous rides | Cumulative Commercial Autonomous Rides | Very Fresh · 1mo | Sep 1, 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Robotaxis | Documented commercial rides and operating sites, but revenue is not given in this disclosure. | us | |
| NR | DeepRoute.ai | >300K vehicles equipped | Production Vehicles Equipped | Very Fresh · 6mo | Apr 25, 2026 | Credible Reported | Low | Autonomous Driving Software | Demonstrates mass-production penetration, but says nothing definitive about recognized fees per vehicle. | cn | |
| NR | Momenta | >1M vehicles equipped | Production Vehicles Equipped | Very Fresh · 3mo | Aug 2026 | Credible Reported | Low | Autonomous Driving Models | Wider vehicle integration than DeepRoute, without a disclosed comparable financial metric. | cn | |
| NR | Zoox | ~100 robotaxis | Robotaxis Built / Operating Across Four Cities | Very Fresh · 1mo | Sep 17, 2026 | Credible Reported | Low | Robotaxis | Paid rides began in Las Vegas in 2026, but autonomous-ride revenue remains undisclosed. | us | |
| NR | Carbon Robotics | >100 growers | Growers Using LaserWeeder | Undated | Company Disclosed | Low | AI Agricultural Robotics | Physical customer adoption exists for AI vision-guided weed removal, but neither a current revenue figure nor the milestone date is available. | us | ||
| NR | Coco Robotics | 500K cumulative deliveries | Cumulative Successful Deliveries | Very Fresh · 0mo | 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Autonomous Delivery Robotics | Material operating traction, but neither total delivery fees nor company-recognized revenue is disclosed. | us | |
| NR | Neolix | >13K autonomous delivery vehicles | Autonomous Delivery Vehicles Deployed | Fresh · 10mo | 2026 | Company Disclosed | Low | Autonomous Logistics Vehicles | Significant deployment evidence, but no verifiable corresponding annual revenue or contract-value figure. | cn |

Our research about physical AI gets updated several times a month, so you always get the latest view of where things stand.
Which physical AI companies are making the most money today?
The largest physical AI companies by revenue are not necessarily the humanoid robotics startups attracting the most investment. Roborock, Symbotic, Mobileye, Ecovacs Robotics, and Anduril Industries operate at a much larger commercial scale than most newer embodied AI companies. However, the answer changes significantly depending on whether we include publicly listed robotics manufacturers, autonomous driving businesses, defense companies, and consumer robots.
Roborock reported RMB18.695 billion in 2025 revenue, equivalent to approximately $2.6 billion. Symbotic generated $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025, while Mobileye reported $1.894 billion. Anduril is another major contender, with Sacra estimating approximately $2.2 billion in 2025 revenue, although that figure is less authoritative than audited financial results.
These businesses represent different forms of physical AI. Symbotic automates warehouse operations, Mobileye develops intelligent driving systems, Anduril builds autonomous defense technology, and Roborock sells intelligent cleaning robots.
Among younger robotics-focused companies, Geek+, Horizon Robotics, UBTECH, Unitree Robotics, and Skild AI are important names. Geek+ reported RMB3.171 billion in 2025 revenue, while Unitree generated RMB1.699 billion. Skild AI announced more than $100 million in annual recurring revenue in September 2026.
There are two distinct groups: established companies generating hundreds of millions or billions in recognized revenue, and newer AI-native robotics companies whose commercial operations are expanding but generally remain smaller.
For this analysis, physical AI means artificial intelligence integrated into systems that perceive, navigate, manipulate, or act in the physical world. We include robotics, autonomous vehicles, autonomous defense platforms, and directly related control software. We distinguish private startups from publicly listed companies and use company-wide revenue only when the business is substantially relevant to physical AI.
| Company | Latest reported scale | Metric | Main business |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roborock | ~$2.6B | FY2025 revenue | Consumer robotics |
| Symbotic | $2.247B | FY2025 revenue | Warehouse automation |
| Anduril Industries | ~$2.2B | 2025 revenue estimate | Autonomous defense |
| Mobileye | $1.894B | FY2025 revenue | Intelligent driving |
| Ecovacs Robotics | ~$1.5B | FY2025 service-robotics segment revenue | Consumer robotics |
| Applied Intuition | ~$830M | Estimated 2025 ARR | Autonomous systems software |
| Horizon Robotics | ~$523M | FY2025 revenue | Autonomous driving AI |
| Geek+ | ~$441M | FY2025 revenue | Warehouse robotics |
| PROCEPT BioRobotics | $308.1M | FY2025 revenue | Robotic surgery |
| Shield AI | $300M | 2025 revenue | Autonomous defense |
| UBTECH Robotics | ~$279M | FY2025 revenue | Humanoid and service robotics |
| Unitree Robotics | ~$236M | FY2025 revenue | Humanoid and quadruped robots |
The dollar equivalents for Chinese companies are approximate conversions using exchange rates representative of the reported period. The table mixes audited revenue, segment revenue, management-reported revenue, and explicitly identified estimates. It is a comparison of commercial scale, not a strictly comparable accounting ranking. Some businesses are public companies rather than private startups.
Why are physical AI startups attracting so much attention now?
Physical AI startups are attracting attention because several categories of autonomous machines are moving from controlled demonstrations into commercial operations, while new robotics foundation models promise to make machines more adaptable.
Symbotic's annual revenue grew 26% to $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025. Geek+ increased revenue by 31.6% to RMB3.171 billion during 2025. Horizon Robotics grew 57.7% to RMB3.758 billion over the same calendar year.
These are materially different companies, but customers are already purchasing AI-enabled systems for warehouses and vehicles at meaningful scale.
At the same time, Skild AI announced that it crossed $100 million in ARR only ten months after its first commercial deployment. The company also reported more than $50 million in recognized revenue since deployments began.
Still, established robotics businesses and newer general-purpose AI developers remain at very different commercial stages.

In our market report about physical AI, we look at what the winners do differently, so you can learn from the best instead of guessing.
What counts as a physical AI startup?
A physical AI startup is a company developing intelligent systems that can interpret their surroundings and take action in the physical world. The most relevant businesses include autonomous mobile robots, humanoids, self-driving vehicles, intelligent industrial machines, and software that controls these systems.
Physical AI is broader than humanoid robotics.
Symbotic uses AI-enabled robotics to move and organize goods inside warehouses. Waymo uses autonomous driving systems to transport passengers. Shield AI develops autonomous aircraft software. Skild AI develops models intended to control different robotic platforms.
All four companies participate in physical AI, although their products and revenue models are substantially different.
We also need to distinguish startup origins from current ownership. Symbotic, Mobileye, Horizon Robotics, Geek+, and UBTECH are publicly traded businesses. They remain useful comparisons because they establish the commercial scale that private physical AI startups are attempting to reach.
NVIDIA, Tesla, and Baidu require additional care. They have substantial physical AI activities, but their consolidated revenue includes enormous businesses unrelated to autonomous machines. Including their total revenue would make a startup ranking almost meaningless.
Our practical boundary is to prioritize companies whose products directly enable intelligent physical action, while identifying public comparables and excluding unrelated corporate revenue from company-level comparisons.
Which private physical AI startups have the highest revenue?
Anduril Industries and Applied Intuition appear among the highest-revenue private physical AI contenders, but their figures rely partly on third-party estimates. Shield AI, Quantum Systems, Saronic Technologies, and Locus Robotics provide additional evidence of substantial commercial activity.
Sacra estimates Anduril generated approximately $2.2 billion in 2025 revenue. That is an unusually large figure for a venture-backed physical AI company. However, Anduril's business includes a broad portfolio of defense systems, not exclusively autonomous software or robots.
Applied Intuition is another major contender. Sacra estimated approximately $830 million in ARR around the end of 2025. Its products support vehicle development, simulation, and autonomous systems, but ARR is not equivalent to recognized annual revenue.
Shield AI reported $300 million in 2025 revenue, according to Fortune's December 2025 reporting. Sacra separately estimated approximately $330 million in 2025 revenue for Quantum Systems and $200 million for Saronic Technologies.
Warehouse robotics is also represented by Locus Robotics, for which Sacra estimated approximately $180 million in ARR in mid-2026.
Among these companies, Shield AI's revenue has a stronger direct company-reporting basis than the independent estimates for several competitors.
Anduril leads this private-company comparison by estimated commercial scale, while Applied Intuition is a major software-oriented contender. Shield AI offers an important example of directly reported autonomous-systems revenue.
A definitive ranking remains unavailable because private-company disclosures are not uniform and some important competitors do not publish revenue at all.

In our document detailing everything you need to know about physical AI, you will always find fresh funding data, taken straight from our own verified funding database.
How much revenue does Anduril make?
Anduril Industries is already operating at billion-dollar revenue scale, making it one of the largest private companies connected to physical AI. Its revenue, however, reflects a broad autonomous defense and military technology business rather than robotics alone.
Anduril disclosed that it reached $1 billion in revenue in 2024, according to Fortune's December 2025 reporting on the defense technology sector.
Sacra subsequently estimated approximately $2.2 billion for calendar 2025, suggesting that the company's commercial operations may have expanded substantially.
That estimated increase would represent approximately 120% growth from the earlier $1 billion figure, although we cannot treat the calculation as verified growth because the figures have different disclosure quality.
Anduril sells integrated defense capabilities involving autonomous aircraft, surveillance, sensors, command systems, and other military hardware. This business model allows the company to address contracts much larger than those available to many early-stage robotics software providers.
For perspective, its estimated 2025 revenue is more than seven times Shield AI's company-reported $300 million. The comparison includes different product portfolios and reporting methods, though.
Anduril is clearly a commercial leader in autonomous defense technology. Its estimated $2.2 billion is not a measure of revenue exclusively from AI software or autonomous robotics.
Is Symbotic the biggest warehouse robotics company by revenue?
Symbotic is among the largest publicly traded pure-play AI warehouse automation companies, with $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue. Its commercial scale is substantially greater than the latest reported annual revenue of Geek+ and most private warehouse robotics specialists.
Symbotic's fiscal 2025 investor results reported 26% revenue growth and adjusted EBITDA of $147 million, alongside a $91 million net loss.
The company generated $618 million in its fourth fiscal quarter alone, compared with $565 million in the corresponding quarter of the previous year.
Geek+, another major warehouse robotics provider, reported approximately $441 million in calendar 2025 revenue after conversion from RMB. That means Symbotic's annual revenue was roughly five times Geek+'s.
But these are not identical businesses. Symbotic typically supplies large integrated warehouse automation systems, while Geek+ specializes in autonomous mobile robots and broader robotic fulfillment solutions.
The contrast becomes clearer when examining customers and deployment models. Symbotic's systems can involve major infrastructure installations, while mobile robotics providers can serve a wider variety of warehouse configurations.
Revenue leadership demonstrates Symbotic's success in securing and delivering large-scale automation projects. It does not establish leadership in robot unit shipments, installed fleets, or recurring software revenue.

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How fast is Geek+ growing compared with Symbotic?
Geek+ is growing faster than Symbotic in percentage terms, although Symbotic remains much larger in absolute revenue.
Geek+ reported RMB3.171 billion in 2025 revenue, up from RMB2.409 billion in 2024. The increase of RMB762 million represents 31.6% annual growth.
Symbotic reported 26% growth to $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025.
Geek+'s audited annual report shows that 99.9% of 2025 revenue came from robotics solutions. Its business is therefore closely aligned with physical AI rather than being a diversified technology conglomerate.
The company also reported RMB4.137 billion in new orders during 2025, approximately 31.7% higher than the previous year.
Orders were equivalent to about 1.30 times recognized annual revenue. This indicates substantial commercial demand, although orders may be fulfilled in later periods.
Geek+ reported an adjusted net profit of RMB43.8 million in 2025, compared with an adjusted loss of RMB92.2 million in 2024. Its statutory net result remained slightly negative.
Are autonomous driving companies bigger than humanoid robotics startups?
Autonomous driving companies generally have larger verified revenue bases than the best-known humanoid robotics startups. They have benefited from years of automotive integration and production contracts.
Mobileye generated $1.894 billion in 2025 revenue, increasing 15% from $1.654 billion in 2024.
Horizon Robotics reported RMB3.758 billion, approximately $523 million, in 2025 revenue, representing 57.7% annual growth.
By comparison, UBTECH generated RMB2.001 billion, or approximately $279 million, in company-wide revenue, while Unitree reported RMB1.699 billion, approximately $236 million.
The gap is larger when we isolate humanoid products. UBTECH's full-size humanoid robot products and services produced RMB820.6 million in 2025, significantly below the company's consolidated revenue.
Autonomous driving companies benefit from existing automotive supply chains. Once an intelligent driving product enters vehicle production, it can generate revenue across large manufacturing volumes.
Humanoid robots generally require new customer workflows, deployment methods, maintenance systems, and operating economics.
Autonomous driving has a clear commercial advantage today, even if that does not settle which technology will eventually address more applications.

In our research about physical AI, we always try to gather several sources and make estimates that make sense, so you can work with solid numbers.
How much revenue does Unitree Robotics make?
Unitree Robotics generated RMB1.699 billion in 2025 revenue, approximately $236 million, making it one of the most commercially developed humanoid and quadruped robotics companies.
Its IPO-related disclosures provide unusually detailed financial information for a business in this category.
According to the company's prospectus information reported through the Shanghai Stock Exchange, Unitree's revenue increased from RMB159.13 million in 2023 to RMB392.77 million in 2024 and RMB1.699 billion in 2025.
That is a roughly 10.7-fold increase over two years.
The growth also reflects a major shift in product demand. Humanoid robots represented only 1.88% of Unitree's revenue in 2023, while humanoid revenue reached approximately RMB868 million in 2025.
That was just over half of its core operating revenue.
Unitree shipped more than 5,500 humanoid robots during 2025, according to the prospectus information. This makes the company particularly important because it provides both revenue and shipment data rather than relying solely on demonstration videos or fundraising announcements.
Its reported first-half 2026 revenue expectation of RMB1.052 billion to RMB1.128 billion also indicated continued growth, though expected figures should not be confused with finalized annual results.
Is UBTECH making more money than Unitree?
UBTECH generated more total company revenue than Unitree in 2025, but Unitree generated slightly more revenue from humanoid robots specifically.
UBTECH reported RMB2.001 billion in consolidated revenue, compared with Unitree's RMB1.699 billion.
That gives UBTECH approximately 18% more company-wide revenue.
However, UBTECH's full-size humanoid robot products and services generated RMB820.6 million during 2025, whereas Unitree reported approximately RMB868 million in humanoid revenue.
Unitree therefore led this specific comparison by approximately RMB47 million, or about 6%.
Both companies experienced major changes in their revenue composition.
UBTECH's humanoid revenue increased from RMB35.6 million in 2024 to RMB820.6 million in 2025, representing more than 20-fold growth. Unitree's humanoid business also expanded from a relatively small part of its operations into its largest product category.
| Metric | UBTECH Robotics | Unitree Robotics |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 total revenue | RMB2.001B | RMB1.699B |
| Approximate USD equivalent | $279M | $236M |
| 2025 humanoid revenue | RMB820.6M | ~RMB868M |
| Humanoid share of revenue | 41.0% | ~51% |
| Main non-humanoid activities | Service and other intelligent robots | Quadruped robots and other products |
| Revenue evidence | Annual financial results | IPO prospectus |
| Total revenue leader | UBTECH | - |
| Humanoid revenue leader | - | Unitree |

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Is Figure AI making significant revenue yet?
Figure AI has demonstrated meaningful industrial deployment progress, but there is insufficient public financial evidence to place it among the largest physical AI startups by revenue.
The company has attracted considerable attention through its humanoid robotics development and industrial partnerships.
Its BMW factory deployment provides one concrete measure of operational progress.
In November 2025, Figure reported that its robots had loaded more than 90,000 parts during their deployment at BMW.
That's real work in a production environment, rather than another laboratory demonstration.
However, the number of parts handled does not tell us how much BMW paid Figure, what percentage of the deployment was commercially contracted, or how much recurring revenue the company generated.
Unitree and UBTECH disclosed hundreds of millions of renminbi in humanoid-related revenue during 2025. Figure's publicly described industrial activity does not provide an equivalent financial measure.
How much revenue is Skild AI generating, and are robot foundation models becoming a real business?
Skild AI is one of the fastest-growing commercially disclosed physical AI software startups, having exceeded $100 million in annual recurring revenue within ten months of its first commercial deployment. Its results provide some of the strongest evidence that robot foundation models are becoming a real business.
In September 2026, founders Deepak Pathak and Abhinav Gupta announced that Skild had crossed that threshold and recognized more than $50 million in revenue since beginning deployments.
The company also reported more than 60 paying customers across warehouses, factories, data centers, delivery, security, and other applications.
The most interesting detail is the composition of revenue.
According to Skild, mobility represented approximately 10% of revenue, while the remaining 90% came mainly from manipulation tasks.
Robot manipulation involves interacting with physical objects, often in changing environments where traditional automation can require substantial programming.
Skild also disclosed that autonomous mobile robotics solutions associated with its Zebra/Fetch Robotics acquisition represented approximately 4% of revenue.
The disclosure suggests that the majority of its reported recurring revenue was not simply inherited from the acquired mobile robotics business.
We should still distinguish $100 million in ARR from $100 million in annual recognized revenue. Skild's reported $50 million of cumulative recognized revenue is the stronger measure of actual sales booked over its initial deployment period.
The company's disclosed work with NVIDIA and Foxconn on robotic manipulation for Blackwell production systems illustrates a potentially valuable industrial application.
Other companies, including Physical Intelligence, Generalist AI, and several emerging embodied AI laboratories, are developing technologies with similar ambitions. However, their public technical demonstrations and investment rounds generally do not provide revenue evidence comparable with Skild's disclosure.

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Can physical AI software companies make more money than robot manufacturers?
Physical AI software companies can generate substantial revenue without manufacturing every robot themselves, but the largest established hardware-and-systems businesses still have a major advantage in reported sales.
Applied Intuition is an important example of the software opportunity.
Sacra estimated approximately $830 million in ARR for the company around the end of 2025. Its products support autonomous systems development, simulation, and vehicle software.
Skild AI represents a different software approach, developing intelligence that can operate across multiple robotic applications and hardware configurations.
Its $100 million-plus ARR provides evidence of a rapidly developing commercial model.
By comparison, Symbotic reported $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue, and Geek+ generated approximately $441 million in calendar 2025 revenue from integrated robotics solutions.
The revenue figures are not directly comparable because physical systems companies recognize equipment and project revenue, while software businesses may report recurring subscription or licensing revenue.
There is also an economic distinction.
Manufacturing and installing robots can produce substantial revenue but involve equipment, components, logistics, maintenance, and working capital.
Software can potentially be deployed across more machines without equivalent increases in manufacturing expenditure. However, development, computing, deployment, and customer support costs remain important.
Are warehouse robots or humanoid robots generating more revenue?
Warehouse robotics is currently a larger demonstrated revenue market than humanoid robotics among the companies for which reliable financial information is available.
Symbotic generated $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue. Geek+ generated RMB3.171 billion, approximately $441 million, during calendar 2025.
Together, these two businesses reported roughly $2.69 billion in annual revenue, acknowledging that their fiscal periods differ.
By comparison, UBTECH and Unitree generated approximately RMB1.689 billion combined from humanoid products during 2025.
That is approximately $235 million, based on their disclosed humanoid revenue figures.
The two warehouse robotics providers therefore generated more than eleven times the combined humanoid-specific revenue of the two Chinese humanoid leaders.
This is not a comprehensive market-size calculation. It compares four important companies rather than every warehouse and humanoid manufacturer. But the scale difference is hard to ignore.
Warehouse automation benefits from clearly defined economic applications: transporting inventory, organizing storage, picking orders, and increasing fulfillment capacity.
Humanoid robots promise broader flexibility, but many deployments remain early and require customers to establish new operational procedures.

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Which types of physical AI startups make the most revenue?
Physical AI companies serving established industrial, automotive, and defense customers currently demonstrate the largest revenue opportunities. These customers can support large contracts because autonomous systems address expensive, recurring operational requirements.
The clearest examples are warehouse automation and automotive intelligence.
Symbotic's fiscal 2025 revenue exceeded $2.2 billion, while Mobileye generated nearly $1.9 billion and Horizon Robotics reported approximately $523 million.
Defense technology also supports large commercial scale. Anduril's estimated revenue reached approximately $2.2 billion, while Shield AI reported $300 million in 2025.
Consumer robotics should not be ignored. Roborock's approximately $2.6 billion in annual revenue demonstrates that intelligent machines can already reach mass consumer markets.
Humanoid robotics and general-purpose robot software are developing more quickly from smaller revenue bases.
Unitree generated approximately $236 million in company-wide revenue during 2025, while Skild reported more than $100 million in ARR in September 2026.
Established purchasing processes give industrial and automotive businesses an advantage over markets where customers still need to prove entirely new uses for robots.
| Physical AI segment | Representative company | Reported commercial scale |
|---|---|---|
| Consumer robotics | Roborock | ~$2.6B FY2025 revenue |
| Warehouse automation | Symbotic | $2.247B FY2025 revenue |
| Autonomous defense | Anduril | ~$2.2B estimated 2025 revenue |
| Intelligent driving | Mobileye | $1.894B FY2025 revenue |
| Autonomous systems software | Applied Intuition | ~$830M estimated ARR |
| Warehouse mobile robotics | Geek+ | ~$441M FY2025 revenue |
| Robotic surgery | PROCEPT BioRobotics | $308.1M FY2025 revenue |
| Humanoid and quadruped robotics | Unitree | ~$236M FY2025 revenue |
| Robot foundation models | Skild AI | >$100M ARR |
| Robotaxis | Waymo | ~$355M estimated early-2026 run-rate |
Is Waymo making more revenue than other robotaxi startups?
Waymo appears to be one of the largest commercial robotaxi operators by revenue, although its financial scale is based on estimates rather than separately disclosed audited results.
Sacra estimated that Waymo reached approximately $355 million in annualized revenue in February 2026.
The same research estimated approximately $284 million at the end of 2025 and $125 million at the end of 2024.
That implies the annualized revenue measure nearly tripled over roughly fourteen months.
The operating data also indicate substantial expansion.
Sacra reported that Waymo's weekly paid rides increased from approximately 200,000 in early 2025 to 450,000 by December 2025.
By comparison, Pony.ai reported $90 million in recognized revenue in 2025, while WeRide disclosed RMB684.6 million, approximately $95 million.
Those figures include broader autonomous driving businesses and are not pure robotaxi fare revenue.
Waymo's estimated annualized revenue is roughly 3.7 times WeRide's full-year recognized revenue, but the comparison combines different periods, accounting measures, and business models.

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Are autonomous delivery robots actually making money?
Autonomous delivery robots are generating commercial activity, but the leading operators disclose much more about deliveries and deployments than annual revenue.
Serve Robotics provides one of the clearer financial examples.
Its second-quarter 2026 financial results reported approximately $3.24 million in quarterly revenue.
Starship Technologies reported reaching 10 million cumulative autonomous deliveries by April 2026.
Zipline reported more than 2.5 million cumulative commercial deliveries by July 2026.
These operating milestones show that autonomous delivery is already being used commercially, beyond isolated pilot programs.
However, cumulative deliveries cannot be treated as annual revenue.
Delivery services may be paid through different arrangements involving retailers, restaurants, logistics partners, enterprise contracts, and consumers. The revenue recognized by the robotics provider can differ substantially from the amount customers pay for the underlying order.
Compared with warehouse automation, autonomous delivery remains a category where operational scale is often easier to observe than financial scale.
Are autonomous defense startups generating serious revenue?
Autonomous defense is already producing hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue for leading startups, and Anduril may have reached a multibillion-dollar annual scale.
Anduril and Shield AI provide the clearest comparison.
Anduril's 2024 revenue reached $1 billion, according to company information cited by Fortune. Sacra estimated approximately $2.2 billion in 2025.
Shield AI reported $300 million in 2025 revenue, according to Fortune's December 2025 coverage.
Quantum Systems represents another important business, with Sacra estimating approximately $330 million in 2025 revenue. Saronic Technologies was estimated at approximately $200 million.
These companies serve different military requirements.
Anduril develops integrated defense systems, Shield AI focuses heavily on autonomy software and aircraft, Quantum Systems produces reconnaissance drones, and Saronic develops autonomous maritime vessels.
Defense demand extends across airborne, maritime, and integrated autonomous systems.
However, defense contracts introduce an important distinction between contract awards, funded backlog, deliveries, and recognized revenue.
A company announcing a multiyear contract has not necessarily earned the entire contract value.

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How much revenue are agricultural robotics startups generating?
Agricultural robotics already has meaningful commercial adoption, but its leading revenue figures are much less visible than those of warehouse and automotive robotics companies.
XAG is a useful example.
Reporting from Guangzhou government sources in July 2026 indicated that XAG's 2025 revenue exceeded RMB1.166 billion, equivalent to more than approximately $160 million.
The company develops agricultural drones and autonomous equipment used for spraying, spreading, and other farming operations.
Agricultural robots perform tasks with direct operating costs, including labor, fuel, equipment utilization, and crop treatment.
The underlying market is also different from humanoid robotics.
A farmer purchasing or using an autonomous spraying system generally does not need to believe in the future of general-purpose AI. The purchase decision can be evaluated against existing agricultural machinery and service costs.
Other companies, including Ecorobotix, Carbon Robotics, and autonomous tractor developers, demonstrate the breadth of the category, although directly comparable current revenue figures are not consistently public.
XAG's reported sales show that agricultural physical AI can support substantial commercial businesses.
One company's revenue cannot establish a market-wide ranking, but it shows how far commercial physical AI extends beyond warehouses, humanoids, and robotaxis.
Is China ahead of the United States in physical AI revenue?
China has a particularly strong commercial position in consumer robotics and humanoid robot manufacturing, while the United States hosts several of the largest revenue-generating autonomous systems and warehouse automation businesses.
China-based Roborock generated RMB18.695 billion in 2025 revenue, and Ecovacs reported approximately RMB10.680 billion from its service-robotics segment.
Chinese businesses also have a substantial presence in intelligent driving and warehouse automation.
Horizon Robotics generated RMB3.758 billion, Geek+ generated RMB3.171 billion, and Unitree reported RMB1.699 billion.
In the United States, Symbotic reported $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue, and Anduril was estimated at approximately $2.2 billion. Mobileye, an Israel-headquartered company listed in the United States, generated $1.894 billion.
The national comparison is complicated because these companies serve different industries and are not a complete census of physical AI businesses.
China has demonstrated significant manufacturing capacity and consumer robotics revenue. The United States has major commercial positions in large-scale warehouse automation, autonomous defense, and software-intensive physical AI.
The humanoid category provides a particularly interesting contrast: Unitree and UBTECH have disclosed substantial humanoid product revenue, while leading American companies such as Figure and Agility Robotics have generally demonstrated much smaller verified revenue or less financial transparency.

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Are the biggest physical AI startups profitable yet?
Some physical AI businesses have reached profitability or positive adjusted earnings, but high revenue does not guarantee positive net income.
Geek+ provides an instructive example.
The company reported RMB3.171 billion in 2025 revenue and adjusted net profit of RMB43.8 million, while its statutory net result remained a loss of RMB10.4 million.
That was a considerable improvement from its RMB831.5 million statutory loss in 2024.
Symbotic generated $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue and $147 million in adjusted EBITDA, but still reported a $91 million net loss.
PROCEPT BioRobotics also illustrates the cost of scaling specialized physical systems. It reported $308.1 million in 2025 revenue and a 64% gross margin, yet continued to incur substantial operating expenses.
Horizon Robotics generated RMB3.758 billion in annual revenue, but recorded an adjusted net loss of RMB2.812 billion in 2025.
Businesses with comparable technological relevance can have very different financial profiles.
Can smaller physical AI startups catch the revenue leaders?
Smaller physical AI startups can close the revenue gap, but doing so requires more than rapid technical progress. They need repeatable commercial deployments and a way to scale without rebuilding their systems for every customer.
The difference in starting scale is substantial.
Symbotic generated $2.247 billion in fiscal 2025 revenue. Skild AI reported more than $100 million in ARR in September 2026.
Those figures cannot be compared as identical accounting measures, but they illustrate the distance between a mature automation business and a rapidly growing AI-native software company.
Skild's revenue expansion shows that a smaller company can reach significant commercial scale quickly when its technology addresses multiple applications.
Unitree demonstrates another route.
Its revenue increased from RMB159.13 million in 2023 to RMB1.699 billion in 2025, an increase of more than tenfold.
Geek+ followed a more established systems trajectory, growing annual revenue by 31.6% in 2025 while improving profitability.
These companies show three different growth models: general-purpose robotics software, manufactured intelligent robots, and integrated industrial automation systems.
The strongest commercial evidence currently favors businesses that can reproduce deployments across customers and facilities.

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What are the top physical AI startups by revenue today?
The top physical AI companies by demonstrated revenue are currently led by established robotics, autonomous driving, and defense businesses, while the strongest emerging AI-native challengers include Unitree Robotics, UBTECH, and Skild AI.
Roborock's approximately $2.6 billion in 2025 revenue makes it one of the largest robotics-oriented businesses in the broader market. Symbotic's $2.247 billion in audited fiscal revenue makes it a particularly strong example of large-scale enterprise physical AI.
Among private companies, Anduril stands out with an estimated $2.2 billion in 2025 revenue, while Applied Intuition's estimated $830 million ARR suggests substantial autonomous software activity. These figures should remain explicitly labeled as estimates rather than treated as audited results.
At the next level, Horizon Robotics, Geek+, Shield AI, Unitree, and UBTECH have demonstrated meaningful commercial scale.
The humanoid comparison is particularly revealing.
Unitree and UBTECH each generated more than RMB800 million from humanoid-related products during 2025, while Figure and several other highly visible American humanoid startups have not disclosed comparable revenue figures.
Skild AI presents a different challenge to the established hierarchy. Its $100 million-plus ARR, more than $50 million in recognized revenue, and 60-plus paying customers demonstrate that general-purpose robot intelligence can become a material commercial business without depending entirely on sales of proprietary robot hardware.
Our final judgment is that physical AI is already a multibillion-dollar commercial market, but most of its proven revenue remains concentrated in specialized applications rather than general-purpose humanoid robots.
For now, Symbotic, Anduril, Mobileye, Roborock, and other established operators define the revenue ceiling. Unitree, UBTECH, and Skild AI are among the clearest evidence-backed challengers that could change the ranking as the market develops.
Our methodology
This analysis identifies the top physical AI startups by revenue using the latest available company financial results, public filings, company announcements, and independent revenue estimates. We compare businesses developing robotics, autonomous vehicles, intelligent defense systems, robot foundation models, and software that directly enables machines to perceive and act in the physical world.
We prioritize recognized annual revenue from company disclosures, audited financial statements, and regulatory filings. Where companies do not publish annual revenue, we use attributable third-party estimates or company-reported annual recurring revenue, with each metric identified separately. Our principal financial comparison uses 2025 results, supplemented by relevant 2026 disclosures and operating updates.
We include private startups alongside publicly traded companies that originated in the robotics and autonomous systems ecosystem. Listed businesses such as Symbotic, Mobileye, Roborock, Geek+, Horizon Robotics, and UBTECH provide useful commercial benchmarks, but they are not classified as privately held startups.
Company-wide revenue is included when the underlying business is substantially relevant to physical AI. For diversified companies, we use relevant segment revenue where available. We exclude unrelated consolidated revenue from large technology companies such as NVIDIA, Tesla, and Baidu. For humanoid-specific comparisons, we distinguish humanoid product revenue from total company sales.
We do not treat recognized revenue, annual recurring revenue, annualized revenue run rates, contract awards, order intake, and robot shipments as interchangeable figures. ARR describes a recurring revenue base, while annualized run rates extrapolate a shorter period. Contract announcements, cumulative deliveries, and deployment milestones provide commercial context but are not counted as recognized annual revenue.
For private companies, we distinguish company-reported financial figures from independent estimates. Sacra's estimates for Anduril, Applied Intuition, Waymo, and other private businesses are used to assess their commercial scale, not presented as audited financial statements. Skild AI's ARR and cumulative recognized revenue are taken from its September 2026 company disclosure.
Revenue comparisons across Chinese and American companies use approximate USD conversions for the relevant reporting periods. Differences in fiscal year-end dates, accounting standards, business models, revenue recognition, and segment definitions are acknowledged where material. Profitability comparisons distinguish statutory net income from non-GAAP or adjusted measures such as EBITDA and adjusted net profit.
Key sources used for this analysis include: Roborock's 2025 annual financial results, Symbotic's fiscal 2025 earnings release, Mobileye's full-year 2025 results, Geek+'s 2025 annual results, Horizon Robotics' investor relations disclosures, UBTECH's 2025 annual report, Shanghai Stock Exchange coverage of Unitree's IPO financial disclosures, Skild AI's commercial revenue announcement, Sacra's Anduril revenue research, Sacra's Applied Intuition revenue estimates, and Sacra's Waymo commercial analysis.

Our research about physical AI gets updated several times a month, so you always get the latest view of where things stand.
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